Kynurenic Acid (KYNA) and Quinolinic Acid (QUIN) (2,3-pyridinedicaroxylic acid)
The most common causes of elevated kynurenic acid are the use of tryptophan supplements. Other causes may include vitamin B6 deficiency and high homocysteine concentrations. Increased homocysteine level can also cause heart diseases and sudden heart attack. Kynurenic acid levels are also important as a biomarker of chronic infection in the body. Increased kynurenic acid levels have been associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. The normal level of kynurenic acid is 0- 7.1 mmol/mol creatine.
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